Railway lam ni hpe gara hku gram lajang na: Rail grading Types, Tara ni, Hpaji masa ni hpe hkum tsup ai lam matsun langai mi

Rail grinding gaw, dai ni na wanleng lam masa ni hta ra kadawn dik ai gram lajang ai lam langai mi rai nga ai. Dai gaw shim lum ai, n-gun n rawng ai, n-gun rawng ai wanleng lam ni hpe madi shadaw ya ai hku nna, n-gun kaba ai-sraffic (sh) tsaw ai-speed lines ni hta, n-gun n-gun hte ntsa lam hpe makawp maga ai hku nna, shim lum ai, n-gun rawng ai, n-gun rawng ai wanleng ni hpe makawp maga ya ai. Raitim, yawng gaw maren sha n re. Wanleng a masa hte yaw shada lam hta hkan nna, engineer ni gaw ladat amyu myu hpe jai lang ma ai:pre{0}}ggriding, makawp maga ai lam, gram lajang ai lam ni hpe gram lajang ai lam. Ndai laika hta, amyu shagu hta hpa lawm ai, wanleng grinding lam madun ai madung tara ni, hpa majaw bungli galaw ai a hpang e nga ai hpaji masa ni hpe hkrak tsun dan na re. Professional arung arai ni a lam hpe grau chye mayu yang, anhte aWan n-gun jaw ai Machine.

Daw 1: Rail granding a amyu bawsang ni

Rail grinding hpe galu kaba ai hku garan nna, ginra lahkawng-}.jak rai niHteturnout (switch) rail ni{0}}and gaw aten hte yaw shada lam hpe madung tawn nna, bungli amyu myu masum hku nna bai garan nna galaw ai.

1. Pre- Awngdang ai lam

Pre{0}}ggrining hpe galaw aiwanleng nnan ni hpe jung ngut ai hpang kalang tarai tim, aten tup wanleng lam n galaw shi yang.

Yaw shada ai lam:

Decurized layer hpe wanleng ntsa kaw na shaw kau u.
Hpa majaw nga yang, n-gun atsam hpe shapraw ai, welding, htawt sit ai, shing nrai, lam hkawm ai kaw na ntsa lam n kaja ai lam ni hpe yeng seng kau u.
Design masat masa ni hte maren rai na matu, wanleng lam head profile hpe gram lajang u.
Welded joint smoothness hpe grau kaja hkra galaw u.

2. Grinding .

Preventive grinding gaw .aten masat da ai, aten kadun laman gram lajang ai lamrail ni hpe kaja ai masa hta naw tawn da ai raitim, aten dep n-gun yawm ai kumla ni hpe madun dan ai.

Yaw shada ai lam:

Kaja dik ai wanleng lam hpe bai gram lajang u.
Micro{0}}cracks hte n-gun n rawng ai lam ni hpe shaw kau u.
Kaja dik ai leng hte matut mahkai ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw u.
Rolling contact fatigue (RCF), corrugation, shing nrai, wanleng baw n-gun yawm ai hpe pat shingdang na.

Hpaji masa lam ni hpe grau chye na na matu:Wikipedia – Rail n-gun, Engineering Toolbox – Rolling Contact Fatigue.

3. Teng man ai (Remedial) Grinding

Teng ai hku grin galaw ai lam hpe lang aihten za ai lam byin ngut ai hpangrail ni hpe mu lu ai (sh) shadawn shadang nga ai n kaja ai lam ni hpe mu ai shaloi.

Yaw shada ai lam:

Re{0}} kaw na wanleng baw hpe hpaw dat u.
Mitigate hkra machyi ai lam: shinggrup ai lam gaw n-gun yawm mat ai, hka leng n-gun yawm ai, npu na n-gun ni.

Daw 2: Rail granding a madung tara ni

Arung arai ni hpe loi mi sha shaw kau nashing nrai, yaw shada ai wanleng lam hpe lu la ai.
Hkamja lam hpe gram lajang ai lam hta grau nna makawp maga ai lam hpe ahkyak shatai aiefficiency a matu.
Grandding cycle ni hpe hkan sa umawdaw lam, lawan ai lam, wanleng lam ni hpe madung tawn nna.

Grau chye na lu na:ScienceDirect – Hka leng hte matut mahkai ai arung arai ni.

Daw 3: Hpaji masa hpe hka leng htu ai lam a hpang daw

1. Wheel–Rail hte matut mahkai ai lam

Wanleng lam ni gaw, hkrak tup ai leng–rail geometry hpe kam hpa nga ai. Wheels ni gaw laterally hte yawng hpe shift galaw nna, .matut mahkai ai lam ni.

Straight tracks: n law ai hte maren sha re ai conicity gaw ngang grin ai lam hpe grau kaja hkra galaw ya ai.
Curves: grau tsaw ai conicity gaw shim lum ai hku galai shai ya lu ai.

Mu mada aiHka leng lam gazette – npawt nhpang gawgap ai lamcase studies a matu.

Wheel-Rail Clearance

Hkrang: 9 mm hpe leng n-gun hte wanleng kata na myi man lapran 9 mm garan ai.

Wheel Lateral Movement

Fig.2: Hpang e shara htawt sit ai lam hte leng ni a yaw shada ai lam.

2. Wheel–Rail hte matut mahkai ai lam

Vertical load gaw elliptical hpe shabyin ya aimatut mahkai ai lam, matut mahkai ai lam(Hertzian matut mahkai ai lam).

Gatch kaba → n-gun yawm ai → n-gun yawm ai.
Kaji/n bung ai → n-gun kaba ai → → n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-gun n-nga ai.

Grau chye na lu na:Wikipedia – Hertzian hte matut mahkai ai lam.

Contact Patch

Hkrang: Hertzian matut mahkai ai lam gaw, leng npu na patch.

3. Mechanisms ni hpe ccreep and wear galaw ai .

Hkan sa ai leng ni hta mahkrum madup nga aimicro{0}} n-gun .(creep) hpe matut mahkai ai lam lapran kaw.

Adhesion zone: san seng ai rolling.
Slip zone: micro-sliding a majaw htum mat ai.

Slip zone hpe kaji dik htum galaw ai gaw, n-gun yawm ai. Grau chye na lu na:Hpaji masa – Engineering arung arai ni hta n-gun n rawng ai.

Adhesion vs Slip

Fig.4: N-gun rawng ai (rolling) vs slip (sliding) ginra ni.

Ngut nna tsun ga: Precision Grinding=Smater Railways

Rail grinding hkra machyi ai lam nishim lum lam, bungli galaw lu ai lam, nsen, mawdaw jawn ai lam, asak hkrung lam a matu jai gumhpraw. Pre- hpe lang nna, makawp maga ai lam, gram lajang ai lam ni hpe hkrak hkra gram lajang ya ai gaw, grau galu ai, grau galu ai{2}}last tracks ni hpe hkam la lu shangun ai.

Dai ni na prat dep hpe sawk sagawn yu uwanleng grinding hparan ladat nigrau hkrak hkra gram lajang na matu.